“Revolution of 1800” (details of Jefferson’s election): In the 1800 election, Jefferson won the election over Adams 73 to 65. This would mean that the control of the government would switch from Federalist to Democratic-Republican. Many were concerned that this would stir up trouble in the government, but, surprising, the transfer was peaceful and orderly. This was a huge achievement for such a young nation.

Roosevelt Corollary: The Roosevelt Corollary was added to the Monroe Doctrine. It stated that the United States could intervene to stop European countries from intervening in Latin American affairs. Many Latin American didn’t like this little addition.

Root-Takahira Agreement: This agreement, made in 1908 between Japan and the U.S. that stated that both nations agreed to respect each other's territories in the Pacific and to uphold the Open Door policy in China.

Rush-Bagot: This 1817 treaty between the U.S. and Great Britain provided for the mutual disarmament of the Great Lakes. This was later expanded into the longest unfortified boundary shared between Canada and the U.S.

Schecter vs. U.S.: The U.S. Supreme Court declared the NIRA (National Industrial Recovery Act) unconstitutional. It held that Congress had improperly delegated legislative authority to the National Industrial Recovery Administration and that the federal government had exceeded its jurisdiction because Schecter was not engaged in interstate commerce.

SCLC (Southern Christian Leadership Conference): This organization was formed by Marin Luther King, Jr. in 1957. It aimed to mobilize the vast power of the black churches on behalf of black rights.

Scope Monkey Trial: John Scopes was arrested for teaching evolution in his class, which was a violation of Tennessee's Butler Act. William Jennings Bryan, a former Democratic presidential candidate, prosecuted the case. Scopes was convicted and fined $100, but it later changes due to a technicality. The trial, however, began a shift of public opinion away from Fundamentalism.

Second Continental Congress: The group was called together in 1776 after the "massacre" at Lexington and Concord. They drafted and signed the Declaration of Independence. The group also elected George Washington to head their army.

Seneca Falls: In 1848, this was the location of the first women's right convention. At the convention, Elizabeth Cady Staton read a Declaration of Sentiment that listed discriminations against women.

Settlement Houses: These houses were founded to help immigrants and the less fortunate. Music, cooking, and English classes were often offered. Jane Addams was one of the most famous settlement houses founders.

Shay's Rebellion: Indebted farmers, lead by Shay, revolted. They prevented the government from arresting or repossessing the property of those in debt. The federal government, which was currently running under the Articles of Confederation, was too weak to help Boston remove the rebels.

Sherman Anti-Trust Law of 1890: This law focused on the idea that a business's bigness was bad. The law was really ineffective, but it did curb labor unions. It did, however, become effective in 1914 when the Clayton Anti-Trust Act was added as an enforcer.

Sherman Silver Purchase Act of 1890: Many silver miners were mad about the Bland-Allison Law of 1878. Sherman then directed the Treasury to buy even larger amounts of silver that the Bland-Allison Act** called for and at inflated prices. This act eventually leads to the Panic of 1893. Consequently it was also repealed in 1893.

** Required government to buy between $2 and $4 million worth of silver. It was repealed in 1900.

Sherman's March: From 1863 to 1864, Sherman took his men on a long march through the South. He went to places like Chattanooga, Kennesaw Mt., Atlanta, Savannah, Columbia, Fayetteville, and Raleigh. He also burned the cities of Atlanta, Savannah, and Columbia to the ground.

Slidell Mission: In 1845, John Slidell was sent to Mexico to offer Pena Pena no more then $25 million to buy California and some disputed land from him. The Mexican government, however, was still angry about the annexation of Texas and sent him away before talks even began.

SNCC (Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee): Organized by Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr. as a student civil rights movement in 1960. It was established to give more focus and force to the efforts of equal treatment of Blacks in restaurants, buses, housing, voting registration, and employment. It also encouraged Blacks to resist segregation and to register to vote.

South Carolina Exposition and Protest: Vice-President Calhoun, while still in office wrote, The South Carolina Exposition anonymously. This essay proposed that each state in the union counter the majority by asserting the right to nullify an unconstitutional act of Congress. It was written in reaction to the Tariff of 1828. After South Carolina had threatened to secede if the tariff was not revoked, Calhoun suggested state nullification as a more peaceful solution.

South Carolina Ordinance of Nullification: This ordinance declared that South Carolina could void any law within its boundaries that they found unconstitutional. In response to this ordinance, the Force Bill was passed and Jackson sent a small army and navy down into South Carolina, while strengthened the rest of the military. The ordinance eventually caused the Compromise Tariff to be installed.

Spanish-American War: This war was fought to free Cuba from the "bad" Spanish rulers. The war was short with a low death count. The length of the was, or the lack there of, was partly due to Spain's weak navy. Puerto Rico, Philippines, Cuba, and Guam were all of the U.S. "gains" after the war.

Specie Circular: This circular was issued in 1836 by Jackson to stop land speculation caused by stated printing paper money without the proper specie to back it up. Thus the Specie Circular required that hard money (gold and silver) be used to purchase land. This stopped the land speculation and the sale of public lands went down sharply.

Spoils System: The winner of the presidential election could do whatever they pleased with the presidential staff. The idea was to reward political supporters with public offices. Jackson, in particular, strongly believed in the spoils system and made more changes then any other previous president. The name "Spoils system" comes from the saying, "To the victor go the spoils".

Stamp Act: Enacted in 1765, the Stamp Act required stamps on bills of sale, commercial, and legal documents. The Stamp Act was supposed to help pay off part of the debt created by the French and Indian War. The colonists argued that the British could not tax them when they are not being represented in Parliament. "No taxation without representation!" The Stamp Act was eventually repealed in 1766 by the non- importation movement, London merchants convinced Parliament to repeal the Stamp Act in 1766.

Star Spangled Banner: Francis Scott Key wrote the "Star Spangled Banner" while being held captive on a British ship. From his room onboard, he witnessed a fierce attack by the British against Fort Henry. In the morning, when he saw the U.S. flag still flying above the fort, he was inspired and wrote the lyrics to our national anthem.